Waterjet cutting is achieved using ultra-high pressure technology. By simply pressurizing ordinary tap water to 250–400 MPa and ejecting it through a gem nozzle with an orifice diameter of approximately 0.15–0.35 mm, a high-speed jet stream with a velocity of around 800–1000 m/s can be formed—this is the waterjet that can be used to cut soft-based materials.
Waterjets can be used for 2D shape cutting, targeting materials such as metal, ceramics, plastics, stone, glass, and carbon fiber. They are even capable of producing complex and intricate shapes. Compared with other cutting methods, waterjets remove material without generating heat, allowing debris to be flushed away by the cutting stream, which improves cutting efficiency.
Typically, when testing the cutting speed of a waterjet, actual cutting is not required; acceleration and deceleration can be increased, and each axis can be tested individually or simultaneously. As for cutting precision, the acceptable tolerance in construction applications is generally within ±0.5 mm, while for components like automotive rearview mirrors, it needs to be within ±0.01 mm. In steel plate processing, the lower the deviation, the better.
Currently, most equipment manufacturers offer cutting precision within ±0.2 mm. However, this should not be judged solely based on the product manual; a complete precision testing procedure should be followed during acceptance, and the actual cutting accuracy of the waterjet should be measured on real samples.
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